Liquid Metal Processing & Casting Conference - LMPC 2024

Energy expenditures for slag and metal melting primarily drive production expenses of electro-metallurgical smelting processes. In Electroslag remelting (ESR), the thermal energy is directly generated by resistance heating of the slag system. Therefore, exact knowledge of the electrical conductivity of the molten slag is vital for regulating the process temperature and energy costs during...

Advanced techniques for liquid metal processing and casting, such as monocrystalline casting, atomization for powder metallurgy, metallic additive manufacturing, welding or ingots refining processes, are complex to master. Developing and controlling industrial equipment is costly and so manufacturers are promoting digital design methods. But numerical models rely on accurate knowledge of...

Non-metallic inclusion have a strong impact on the final product quality in
steel production. Thus, inclusion removal from the melt is an important aspect
of achieving the intended steel properties. In continuous casters the tundish
can be utilized to enhance inclusion removal. One method to promote inclusion
removal within the tundish is the installation of an argon bubble...

Stainless steel is widely used in extreme environments due to its high corrosion resistance. In particular, materials for applications requiring high reliability such as medical devices and etching equipment are produced with EBM, ESR, or VAR to reduce inclusions. These processes do not use refractory materials and thus provide better cleanliness than conventional melting methods. Especially...

Electroslag remelting (ESR) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR) are widely employed techniques for producing defect-free ingots in ferroalloys, nonferrous metals, and superalloys. These technologies find applications in sectors like military, aerospace, and aeronautics, where high performance is of paramount importance. Given the critical nature of these applications, a comprehensive understanding...

Compared with liquid iron, pure liquid nickel has a relatively limited solubility for nitrogen. Studies that have measured solubility have found values ranging from literally zero in one case to 35 ppm at 1600 C at the high end. Studies that examined the effect of temperature found the reaction to be endothermic with solubility increasing with temperature. Solubility predictions based on...

The High-Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (HT-CSLM) is a powerful tool for in-situ investigations of surface phenomena and has proven its suitability for metallurgical processes. It is widely used to observe phase transformations, melting behavior, agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs), or dissolution of particles in slags. However, these processes have been studied as...

Erosion in refractories plays a dominant role in the wear of these materials which is of significant relevance to the metallurgical industry. Not only is the lifespan of these materials affected by erosion but also steel quality can be reduced through the introduction of exogenous inclusions. In their application these materials are exposed to aggressive melts and intense flow conditions. The...

This study highlights a dissolution experiment conducted by high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy (HT-CLSM). Besides providing essential information on particle dissolution inside slag, this experiment constitutes a slag-argon multiphase environment and reveals particle behavior in the vicinity of the interface. It is observed that after the slag melts, the particle initially...

Continuous casting of steel is widely used to manufacture semi-finished long or flat products. Various stresses are present during slab casting: the stress caused by the friction between the mould wall and the solidified shell, thermal stresses acting on the strand surface, and the stresses due to the bending and straightening operations. During casting, the combination of the temperature and...

Laser ultrasound, a non-contact technique utilizing lasers for both excitation and detection of ultrasonic waves, offers an approach to assess structural and elastic properties in hot steel. This method employs an excitation laser emitting 7ns pulses at typically 10 to 100Hz repetition rate to generate ultrasonic waves through thermoelastic expansion and ablation. Detection is achieved via an...

The comprehensive metallographic analysis and statistical big-data analysis of blowhole appearance in heavy plate manufacturing gave no exact cause of defect formation but indicated differences in the chemical composition of defective and clean heavy plates and, above all, high content of residual elements. The rare BHs were found in the largest width ingot and on thinner plates that can be...