13th International Tooling Conference - Tooling 2025

The production cost of aluminum die casting is largely influenced by the raw materials used in the die steel. Due to the high temperature and pressure conditions, die-casting moulds require frequent replacement. In this study, a novel hot work die steel, SDH68, was developed, offering lower raw material costs compared to conventional H11 steel. Thermal fatigue is the most prevalent failure...

Prehardened already heat-treated steels are commonly used in tooling applications. Most plastic moulds are for example produced from such steel products. The benefits are several compared to machining soft steel and do external heat treatment. Among those are shorter lead times, lower costs, and a better control of the product quality. Commercial prehardened steels have a limited maximum...

This paper (short communication) reports the impact of retained austenite on the corrosion behavior of plastic molding grades such as Vanax Super Clean, Tyrax ESR, Stavax ESR and Mirrax ESR. For each grade, austenitization at two different temperatures were carried out and samples in as-quenched condition was compared with as-quenched condition with deep cooling. Corrosion behavior was...

The production of high-speed steels using powder metallurgy (PM) frequently results in materials with superior characteristics in terms of wear resistance and mechanical properties. This is particularly the case when compared to conventionally produced steels. Cleanness is thereby a critical factor that influences the property profile of these steels. For this reason, non-metallic inclusions...

As a possibility to understand the mechanisms of austenite stabilization due to stress relief heat treatment in a cold work tool steel, this work has used the concept of matrix steel and evaluated the composition of the matrix of AISI D2 tool steel (MSD2). This work presents the characterization of two conditions: quenched and quenched followed by stress relief heat treatment. The specimens...

This study employed the electrical resistivity method to uncover the phenomenon of carbide precipitation along grain boundaries in 4Cr5Mo2V die casting die steel under specific quenching and cooling rates, and delved into the impact of this phenomenon on the high-temperature service performance. By comprehensively utilizing characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy...

According to Polaris Market Research “Tool Steel Market Size, Share Global Analysis Report, 2023-2032” the plastic mold segment had the highest market penetration in 2022. It forecasts that this trend will persist until the end of the forecast period in 2032. Even slightly worn-out parts in polymer processing can lead to variations in the produced polymer parts, resulting in them being out of...

Cooling systems utilizing water are usually used for temperature control in injection moulding processes. To achieve short production cycle times and high surface quality of injection-moulded parts, cooling channels are designed to run close to the mould's cavity surface. While optimal cooling performance is achieved by conformal cooling channels using additive manufacturing techniques,...

In a continuous slab casting machine (CCM), rolls support the solid skin of the slab during casting. They are subjected to high corrosive and abrasive conditions and cyclic thermomechanical loading, caused by repeated contact with the hot metal (1100–1200 °C) and cooling in a water steam atmosphere. The combination of these effects leads to surface degradation. To limit the surface cracking...