EUROPEAN CONGRESS AND EXHIBITION ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES - EUROMAT 2021

In continuous casting of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) steel grade, adding Ti leads to increases clogging tendency in Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) comparing Ti-free ULC. Two key mechanisms have been proposed for it: (1) formation of solid oxide due to the chemical reactions on the SEN refractory wall, called ‘early stage’ and (2) deposition of suspended solid non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) on the SEN refractory wall, called ‘late stage’. A combined model is developed considering both stages. Modeling of early stage is based on the carbothermic reactions inside the SEN refractory and the further reaction of the generated CO gas with the steel melt [1]. Modeling of late stage of clogging is according to clog growth by deposition of the NMIs on the clog front [2]. The combined model can correlate several parameters, like velocity and pressure of the melt, composition of SEN refractory, size and number density of NMI in the melt, to the clogging tendency in the casting of Ti-ULC.