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Femtosecond laser-induced element redistribution in glass [1] has been demonstrated as a powerful technique to fabricate photonic devices, such as waveguides [2], tapers [3], optical amplifiers and lasers [4]. A key feature of this approach is that the glass composition can be fine-tuned by adding small amounts of modifiers act as refractive index carriers (typically La2O3 or BaO) and other lighter oxides to act as fast counter-diffusing elements (such as Na2O or K2O). Upon subsurface fs-laser excitation, the induced temperature changes activate the thermophoretic redistribution of the glass components generating regions with increased and depressed index that can be used for producing of photonic devices.
In the present work we have analyzed the formation of controllable refractive index structures in silica glass modified by the addition of Ba (index carrier), Na and K oxides by subsurface irradiation at 1030 nm with 400 fs laser pulses at 500 kHz. The influence of the focal volume and induced temperature gradients has been thoroughly analyzed, leading to a variety of structures with a refractive index contrast as high as 2.5·10-2 and waveguides with excellent guiding performance.
[1] T. T. Fernandez, M. Sakakura, S. M. Eaton, B. Sotillo, J. Siegel, J. Solis, Y. Shimotsuma, and K. Miura, Prog. Mater. Sci. 94, 68 (2018).
[2] A. Dias, F. Muñoz, A. Alvarez, P. Moreno-Zárate, J. Atienzar, A. Urbieta, P. Fernandez, M. Pardo, R. Serna, and J. Solis, Opt. Lett. 43, 2523 (2018).
[3] M. Macias-Montero, A. Dias, B. Sotillo, P. Moreno-Zárate, R. Ariza, P. Fernandez, and J. Solis, J. Lightwave Technol. 38, 6578 (2020).
[4] J. del Hoyo, P. Moreno-Zárate, G. Escalante, J. A. Vallés, P. Fernández, and J. Solís, J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 2955 (2017).
| Speaker Country | Spain |
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