20th International Forgemasters Meeting - IFM 2017

Main structural frames of Danieli Breda forging presses are made by welded parts. The design of their fatigue life is based upon an expected service loadtable, and on recognized international standards that provide database for evaluation of fatigue performances of each type of welded joint. All the available recognised standards are based on experimental tests from civil structures, or from...

The potential consequences of failure within a nuclear reactor means components are designed with a high level of reliability and large margins for error. In a pressurised water reactor, this design criteria is most relevant to parts contained within the reactor coolant system. Amongst others, this includes a number of pressure vessels, each constructed from several forged sections. To ensure...

In the ESRR process, a T-shaped mold is used including a graphite ring that takes major amount of current through the mold. The standard ESR process can ideally control the solidification of ingot and produce homogenous structure with minimum defects. However, the melt rate of electrode is rather low that makes the whole process uneconomical especially to produce small ingot sizes. In...

There is still an unbroken trend towards higher specifications and performance measures of metallic components and assemblies, no matter how they are processed.There are two major trends forcing engineers from all relevant disciplines–to continuously reach and exceed known limits of existing approaches.The lightweight idea has been establishing as an everyday business task since the last five...

"A mathematical model for hydrogen degassing of molten steel in an argon-stirred ladle has been developed and implemented using ANSYS Fluent. Hydrogen removal has been predicted for a range of argon injection flowrates and validated with industrial data from a full-scale vacuum arc degasser. The effect of nozzle arrangement, ladle aspect ratio and the physical properties of the slag layer on...

Ring rolling is an incremental bulk metal forming process for the production of seamless rings up to 10 m in outer diameter and up to 4 m in height. In ring rolling, the process layout is of high importance for the reduction of material waste and chipping. Simultaneously, waste due to product errors e.g. form errors, cracks and coarse grains has to be prevented. Nowadays, the waste due to...

316LN stainless steel is selected as the material for forgings in the nuclear power plant owing to its better mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. In this paper, the strain stress behavior and microstructure evolution of nuclear grade 316LN austenitic stainless steel under different conditions were investigated by several thermal simulation compression tests. Based on the...

A non-neglecting percentage of the final quality of forged pieces is originally depending on the ingot parts from which they are made. It is well known that the ingot defects like hot tears or cracks are rooted at the first beginning of the solid shell birth. Damages result from the competition between hydrostatic pressure within the turbulent flow of the liquid zone and the solidifying skin...

**Points of Classification and a Short Abstract** The target was to analyze the complete forging process from raw material to finished forged parts. The presentation is based on a best practice example considering growing forging sources from Asia. In a first step, all relevant parameters for the whole process needed to be defined. This analysis phase was done at international suppliers...

11/4Cr- ½ Mo steels are designed for critical applications in heavy wall pressure vessels operating below 441°C. API recommended practice: API 934-C states that beyond a thickness of 100 mm, this material shows difficulty in meeting sub-zero impact toughness and percentage shear requirements at the mid-thickness, which is required by API 934 – C. API recommends the use of a higher alloyed...

We reinforced steel plants newly and started the production of the large steel ingot of 100 tons in December, 2016. (The maximum size of the conventional steel ingot was approximately 75 tons.) The larger steel ingots manufactured in the bottom casting, and the larger ingots were forged in the 8000 tons press machine. The method to produce the high quality of steel ingot was studied by using...

Presented approach to simulation of the ring (or wheel) rolling technology includes modeling of the whole sequence of technological operations starting from upsetting of an ingot, then forging a blank, piercing it and finally rolling it in a stand and heat treatment. The specific feature of a ring rolling process that makes its simulation so difficult is related to big number of rotations...

In order to ensure closure of a voids in a large steel ingot and obtain a good internal quality, it is necessary to establish the quantitative evaluation method for void closure in multi-pass forging. Although many evaluation formulas with equivalent strain, εeq, have been proposed as evaluation methods for void closure in single-pass forging, there is few reports of detailed study on it in...