EUROPEAN CONGRESS AND EXHIBITION ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES - EUROMAT 2021

Thermodynamic properties of phases and phase equilibria are the key to the analysis of pyrometallurgical processes and they enable to describe the limiting boundary conditions for metallurgical processes. The raw materials basis of non-ferrous metals needs an effective control of slag fluxing due to the unavoidable fact that the targeted metal values of, e.g., copper, nickel, lead and tin will...

In this contribution, selected key thermophysical and thermodynamical properties of Fe-C-Cr, Fe-C-Ni and Fe-C-Cr-Ni based alloys such as solidus and liquidus temperatures, peritectic transformation temperature and other phase transition temperatures, heats of fusion, specific heat capacities, enthalpies, densities, coefficient of thermal expansion, viscosity, surface tension, wettability...

In steelmaking processes, the presence of higher phosphorus concentrations in the liquid steel is generally undesired as P may affect the product quality during continuous casting, e.g. internal cracking and micro-/macrosegregation. In order to guarantee a successful process control and to precisely predict the solidification progress in the casting machine, thermodynamics of the ternary...

Today steelmaking is driven by specific demands regarding material properties for high-quality applications, often involving the precise adjustment of non-metallic inclusion populations in the surrounding steel matrix. On the one hand, fine dispersed inclusions below 1 µm in size can improve the final microstructure by e.g. grain boundary pinning or by acting as nucleation sites for phase...

The thermophysical properties, including viscosity, density and surface tension of some industrial blast furnace slags, industrial basic oxygen furnace slags, ladle slags and mold powders with varying compositions were measured and discussed at a temperature range between 1400 and 1700 °C using the rotating bob and maximum bubble pressure methods. The experimental investigations were supported...

A Gibbs energy minimization algorithm [1] has been developed and is used for calculating phase equilibria in the quinary slag system CaO-SiO2-FeO-MgO-MnO. Assuming local equilibrium at the solid-liquid interface, the kinetics of lime dissolution in this system is simulated by means of a finite-difference diffusion model. Different initial lime particle geometries such as plates, cylinders and...

In the present work, the state of steelmaking slags and their dephosphorization potential is re-evaluated using a computational thermodynamics approach. The thermodynamic simulations are carried out by coupling a newly developed thermodynamic database BOFdePhos to the software package FactSage TM. The non-ideal associate solution model is used for the description of the Gibbs energy of the...

Typical commercial calcium silicate based mould powders (CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaF₂) are used in casting high aluminium (Al) steels. The dissolved Al in liquid steel reacts with the mould slag during casting. In high Al alloyed steels, SiO₂ of the slag is partially reduced and high amount of alumina (Al₂O₃) up to 30 % is...

Electrometallurgical extraction of metals is becoming increasingly important in the course of higher availability of renewable electricity. Submerged Arc Furnaces use the electrical resistance of the slag produced during the reduction process as their heating medium. The higher the output, which normally goes up to 100 MW today, as more complex is the control technology as more important it is...

In practice, the frequently used technique for removing dissolved hydrogen and solid impurities from aluminium melt is blowing of inert gas. The process of aluminium refining by blowing inert gas can be performed in ladle reactors. The efficiency of refining process can be influenced by relevant boundary parameters of the degassing process. The presented paper deals with the use of numerical...

Increasing interest in ICME for various steps of materials development has led to the development of various tools targeting different aspects of the Process-Structure-Property-Performance chain. When modelling Process-Structure relations of steel, the process-related details of steelmaking which influence the presence of impurities and cleanliness of the alloy are often neglected....

Aluminum refining is a necessary technological stage of obtaining aluminum, both primary and secondary. Currently, refining is widely used by blowing liquid metal with an inert gas using a rotor terminated with a impeller that generates fine gas bubbles which, when introduced into the bath, bring up to the surface hydrogen and non-metallic inclusions. The paper presents the results of...

A comprehensive model of the steel tapping process addressing the reactions in the ladle is proposed. In the model, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are performed using thermodynamic library—ChemApp. The effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ) method is applied to describe the steel/slag interfacial reaction. Most of the activities, such as the additions of ferroalloys and slag...

The aim of the work is to get insight into the gas-metal-slag interactions in a bath smelting reactor, and in the settler of the flash smelting furnace (FSF). In both processes, it is important to find ways to enhance slag-metal reactions and separation by improving gas agitation and/or by finding ways to enhance droplet coalescence and, thus, settling and separation. Computational Fluid...

The SisAl Pilot project is an EC H2020 financed collaboration between 21 partners in the (silicon and aluminum) industry, universities and research institutes. It aims to develop the low carbon SisAl process as an alternative to the traditional carbothermic silicon production process.

The SisAl process encompasses the production of silicon alloy by reducing silica (SiO2) in CaO-SiO2 slag...

The climate crisis and the halting of climate change require the industry to detach itself from fossil fuels, both as an energy source and as an input material in processes. The steel industry in particular is called upon in this regard, as it is a significant contributor to the current situation, accounting for ~6-8% of the anthropogenic CO2 equivalent. The presentation will focus in addition...

Abstract: The surface tension of liquid iron copper binary alloys containing 0.25 mass %, 0.75 mass %, 1.0 mass % and 2.5 mass % of copper has been investigated in the temperature range 1575 °C to 1650 °C in steps of 25 °C using the sessile drop method (SD). The sessile-drop experiments in a heating microscope have been conducted in Argon atmosphere at low oxygen partial pressure (up to...

A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the thermo-physical, thermodynamic, physico-chemical properties of steels and also the modeling of the processes of steelmaking it allow to achieve the top quality of the cast, semi-finished steel product, which is comparable or superior with the quality of world producers of these materials. The paper is focused on the study of phase...

Modern steel grades are subjected to constant development to perform weight reduction, energy-saving, and automobile safety performance. In the last decades, high strength and ductile steels were developed with increasing quantities of silicon and manganese. Three of these alloying concepts are Dual-Phase (DP), TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) and even TWinning Induced Plasticity...