27th IFHTSE CONGRESS & EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON HEAT TREATMENT 2022

Together with Ebner Industrieofenbau, ENRAG developed a fully transient plant model for continuous annealing lines. The model is directly connected to the plants automation system. It takes inputs like fuel flow and blower speeds and calculates the temperature distribution in the annealing line including the temperature of the steel strip in each point of the line. This information is then...

This work addresses the influence of the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment parameters on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistivity of 20MnSi wire rod steel. The retained austenite (RA) volume fraction in Q&P heat-treated wires is responsible for the high ductility. However, its influence on hydrogen embrittlement resistivity is still controversial in...

With the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process, high-strength and crash-resistant steels for body in white applications with a good combination of local and global formability can be produced in continuous heat treatment lines. This is attributed to a fine-grained and homogeneous microstructure of tempered martensite and substantial amounts of stabilized retained austenite. This retained...

Steel rebars are widely applied in the construction field. They are combined with concrete to obtain one of the most used construction composite material: reinforced concrete. The steels are responsible for the high tensile properties. In special chemical environments they suffer from corrosion. With low pH’s caused by carbonation they exhibit uniform corrosion, while in the presence of NaCl...

Energy efficient manufacturing chain for advanced bainitic steels based on thermo-mechanical processing

de Castro, P.J.(1), Dong, J.(1), Rocha, A.S.(2), Fechte-Heinen, R. (1,3), Epp, J.(1,3)

*(1)Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering-IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
(2)Metal Forming Laboratory – LdTM, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Federal University of Rio Grande...

Heat treatment of tool steels and high-speed steels comprises of hardening and multiple tempering in order to adjust the required material properties. After hardening, the material contains martensite and a significant amount of retained austenite which is due to an incomplete transformation of austenite into martensite because of their high alloying contents. Beside the formation of secondary...

The ferrous powder metallurgy industry is facing major upheavals currently, which however also offer opportunities. New materials and concepts, made possible by tailored design, are a way to prepare for new tasks. Alloying of PM steel through the the master alloy route is a concept that combines efficient usage of alloying elements, also of such with high oxygen affinity, with accelerated...

Corrosion resistance may be of some importance if the tools are operated in harsh environments that contain acids, seawater or other chemical substances. Therefore it is appropriate to control this property carefully, by using proper heat treatment route. One of possible ways how to change the corrosion resistance of tool steels is the application of cryogenic treatment. This treatment reduces...

Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is a heat treatment used to adjust the retained austenite content in the microstructure. The heat treatment consists of a hardening step followed by rapid cooling to a certain quenching temperature between martensite start and martensite finish temperature and subsequent partitioning, i.e. heating and then holding at temperature. During partitioning, the formed...

High nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNAUSS) exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in combination with outstanding mechanical properties that outperform those of conventional austenitic stainless steels $^1$. In HNAUSS, the deformation mechanism is primarily planar slip $^2$. HNAUSS can be produced by melting in a high-pressure N-containing atmosphere, but higher nitrogen contents can...

Precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel 17-4 PH is a classic grade that receives renewed attention because of its suitability for metal additive manufacturing (MAM). Conventionally, 17-4 PH is subjected to austenitizing before it transforms into martensite during cooling. Subsequently, an aging treatment is performed to achieve strengthening by precipitation of copper particles. It...